Respiratory Allergies: Symptoms, Causes, and Tips for Relief
In the spring, many people think they have “just a cold” when in fact it is actually a respiratory allergy.
Constant sneezing, a runny nose, a stuffy nose, itchy eyes, a sore throat… these symptoms can quickly become a nuisance in your daily life.
And some times are harder than others.
Most often, they are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to otherwise harmless substances, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain molds. Allergic rhinitis is, in fact, the most common form of respiratory allergy.
During pollen season, symptoms may be exacerbated by other environmental factors.
On March 19, 2026, the European Copernicus reported a significant episode of air pollution involving fine particulate matter (PM2.5 level) in several European countries, including France. However, theANSES reminds us that short-term exposure to pollution can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and exacerbate chronic conditions such as asthma or allergies.
What is a respiratory allergy?
A respiratory allergy is an excessive reaction of the immune system to substances that are normally harmless, known as allergens. In simple terms, the body mistakenly identifies a substance as dangerous and then triggers an inflammatory response when exposed to it. Among the most common allergens are pollen, dust mites, animal dander, and certain molds.
Respiratory allergies are recognized as the fourth most common chronic condition worldwide.
What are the most common symptoms?
The most common symptoms are:
- a series of sneezes;
- a runny nose;
- a stuffy nose;
- an itchy nose;
- red, itchy, or watery eyes;
- sometimes a sore throat;
- in some cases, breathing difficulties or a worsening of asthma.
These symptoms may occur sporadically or recur every year at the same time, particularly in the spring for pollen allergies. They may also persist year-round when the allergen is present in the indoor environment, such as dust mites.
Respiratory allergy or the common cold: how can you tell the difference?
Confusion is common, as both conditions often cause a runny nose, sneezing, and a stuffy nose. However, certain symptoms point more toward an allergy.
Respiratory allergies often cause a clear runny nose, repeated sneezing, and itchy nose or eyes, and tend to occur in certain situations, such as walking outdoors, mowing the lawn, exposure to dust, or contact with an animal. Fever, on the other hand, is not a typical symptom of allergies.
When symptoms recur every year at the same time of year, an allergy is even more likely. If you’re unsure, a healthcare professional can help determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.
Why do symptoms sometimes seem more severe at certain times?
Symptoms aren't caused solely by pollen. They can be more bothersome when several factors come together:
- high pollen count;
- air pollution;
- dry air or household irritants;
- repeated exposure to allergens.
It is this combination of factors that can give the impression that the allergy is “getting worse” or becoming harder to tolerate.
ANSES notes that air pollution can irritate the respiratory tract and contribute to the worsening of allergies.
Good habits to adopt in your daily life
If you have respiratory allergies, a few simple habits can help limit your exposure to allergens and make your symptoms more manageable.
1. Reduce exposure to pollen
When pollen is a concern, it’s a good idea to avoid drying laundry outdoors, as pollen can settle on it. It’s also advisable to rinse your hair in the evening after being outside, especially during periods of high pollen levels.
2. Pay attention to indoor air quality
Tobacco smoke, air fresheners, harsh cleaning products, or excessively dry air can make symptoms worse. Reducing these irritants can help you breathe more easily, especially when your mucous membranes are already sensitive.
3. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist
The National Health Insurance Service reminds the public that allergen avoidance is part of the treatment plan, and that symptomatic treatments may be offered when symptoms become bothersome.
Nasal irrigation: a simple step to help you breathe easier
When the nose is exposed to pollen, dust, or other irritating particles, nasal irrigation can be a helpful hygiene practice. It helps clean the nasal passages and moisturize the mucous membranes.
The National Health Insurance recommends using appropriate products, such as saline solution or thermal water or seawater sprays, to moisturize and clean the inside of the nose.
Our recommendation for nasal hygiene
Our recommendation:
SPharmaSmile Isotonic Sea Water Spray
Its formula, designed to maintain the balance of the nasal mucosa, provides gentle relief while ensuring optimal cleansing of the respiratory tract thanks to its physiological pH and osmotic decongestant properties.
This non-sterile 0.9% solution for external irrigation is ideal for flushing and cleaning the noses of the whole family. It comes in two sizes—500 ml and 1 L—each with a measuring cup, making it convenient and hygienic to use.
When should you see a doctor?
It is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist, recur frequently, interfere with sleep, work, or daily activities, or are accompanied by breathing difficulties. If you have asthma or suspect you might have it, seeking medical advice is particularly important.
Conclusion
Respiratory allergies are common and can easily be mistaken for a cold, especially in the spring. However, certain signs should raise a red flag: repeated sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, and symptoms that recur at the same time of year or after specific exposure. Recognizing these signs more effectively allows you to take the right steps sooner, limit exposure to allergens, and improve your daily comfort. If symptoms are persistent or bothersome, the best course of action is to consult a healthcare professional to receive appropriate care.
Sources
- Inserm, Allergic rhinitis, March 12, 2016.
- Inserm, Allergies, November 21, 2025.
- Health Insurance, Symptoms and Diagnosis of Allergies, November 5, 2025.
- Health Insurance, Allergy Treatment, November 5, 2025.
- Health Insurance, Living with an Allergy Day to Day, October 4, 2023.
- ANSES, Outdoor Air Pollution: What Are the Health Implications?, February 16, 2026.
- Santé.fr, Allergic rhinitis (hay fever), updated May 5, 2025.
info.gouv.fr, Tips for reducing pollen allergies.
